Does promotion of bicycle use result in more traffic casualties? And what are the conditions for policymakers to safely promote bicycle use? These questions are central in a study conducted by consulting engineering firms Goudappel Coffeng and Oranjewoud on behalf of Adviesdienst Verkeer en Vervoer of Rijkswaterstaat. Principal conclusion: growth of the market share of bicycles does not lead to more casualties, not even in towns that are relatively dangerous for cyclists. This article provides an explanation.